Large-scale battery storage: securing the future of agriculture and the energy transition

An informational article for farmers and landowners

Agriculture is facing major challenges – from economic pressure to increasing demands for sustainable practices. At the same time, the energy transition offers new opportunities to unlock additional income sources. One of these opportunities is large-scale battery storage, a technology that has gained increasing importance in recent years. But what’s behind it? What advantages does the technology offer, what requirements must be met, and what concerns can be addressed?

Key technology for the energy transition

In principle, large-scale battery storage systems are essential for ensuring a stable electricity supply in the future. While renewable sources like wind and solar generate electricity intermittently, batteries help make this energy available precisely when it’s needed. Large-scale storage systems store surplus energy on a large scale (between 20–200 MWh) and feed it back into the grid when required. This not only secures grid stability but also strengthens regional supply and reduces the need for additional grid expansion. These reliefs help lower electricity prices and grid charges and accelerate the energy transition efficiently.

For farmers with suitable land, this can be an attractive opportunity to use their property in a profitable and future-oriented way.

Concerns and considerations: Environment & safety

Environmental impact and safety are frequently raised concerns when it comes to battery storage systems. Modern storage units are built according to the strictest regulations and meet high safety standards. Each facility is designed to meet fire protection requirements – including special monitoring systems and safety measures.

“We use LFP batteries (lithium iron phosphate), which are known for their high thermal stability. Simply put, in the unlikely event of a malfunction, the battery containers may release smoke but will not burn,” says Hermann Schweizer, CTO of green flexibility.

The systems are typically built on point foundations, and the ground is gravelled to minimize land sealing. This preserves the natural water cycle and allows rainwater to seep into the ground. This construction method also enables easy restoration of the land to its original state should the use of the battery storage system come to an end in the future.

Choosing the right partner for battery storage projects

Not every company that expresses interest in a site will ultimately operate the battery storage facility themselves. In many cases, projects are sold after the development phase – meaning landowners may not always know who they are dealing with long-term. There are also companies with limited technical expertise that aim to build storage facilities as cheaply as possible – often at the expense of quality and safety.

A battery storage system is a long-term investment with an operational life of 20 years or more. Therefore, it is not just the economic offer that matters, but also the technical competence and financial strength of the partner. An experienced operator ensures that the facility functions safely, efficiently, and reliably over decades.

“No one wants a construction ruin or an insolvent partner on their land. It’s worth taking a close look,” emphasizes Christoph Ostermann, CEO of green flexibility.

Anyone interested in entering a partnership should therefore ask specific questions: Does the provider have experience with battery storage systems? Who will ultimately operate the project? How is the company financed? A careful selection process ensures long-term security and guarantees that the land is used sustainably and responsibly.

Privileged status in rural areas: What does it mean?

Battery storage systems fall under certain privileged development categories according to § 35 of the German Building Code (BauGB). This means they may, under certain conditions, be constructed in agricultural/rural areas. However, municipal approval is still required, and it must be demonstrated that the facility contributes to grid stability. Site selection is done with strategic intent – particularly near substations or existing grid connections.

Economic viability: What lease models are available?

Leasing land for large-scale battery storage can be a highly lucrative income source for farmers. While traditional agricultural use yields about €0.50 to €1.00 per square meter annually, battery storage systems can offer lease rates of €5.00 to €8.00 per square meter – significantly higher returns. Contract terms typically range from 20 to 30 years, enabling long-term financial planning. In some cases, land purchase is also an option.

Land requirements: How large must the plot be?

Battery storage systems require relatively little space compared to other renewable energy installations. A smaller system with a capacity of 10 MW and 20 MWh typically requires around 1,000 to 1,500 square meters, depending on the design. However, the decisive factor in site selection is not just the available space but especially proximity to a suitable grid connection – generally within a 1 km radius of a substation.

Conclusion: A future opportunity for farmers

Large-scale battery storage systems are not a widespread development, but rather strategically placed infrastructure projects. Not every inquiry leads to implementation – only those sites are realized that meet an actual grid need or receive a connection approval from the grid operator. Farmers who engage with the topic early on can secure long-term economic benefits while actively contributing to the energy transition.

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Johannes Grimm from Wolfertschwenden shares more about his decision to partner with green flexibility and host a battery storage system on his property:

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